一、什么是焦化：

1、 What is coking:

上升到化學(xué)層面：焦化是一個(gè)涉及有機(jī)物質(zhì)在高溫下發(fā)生化學(xué)變化的過程。

Ascending to the chemical level: Coking is a process involving chemical changes in organic substances at high temperatures.

既然是有機(jī)物，那就是不同的有機(jī)物以及不同的用途，焦化有不同的定義和用途。

Since it is an organic compound, coking has different definitions and uses depending on the type of organic compound and its purpose.

焦化有主動(dòng)焦化和被動(dòng)焦化之說。

There are two types of coking: active coking and passive coking.

主動(dòng)焦化，是我們想要，例如，燒炭，煉焦。

Active coking is what we want, for example, charcoal burning, coking.

被動(dòng)焦化是我們不想看到，但又必須面對和處理的，例如發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)積碳，化學(xué)反應(yīng)中在催化劑表面的積碳。

Passive coking is something we don't want to see, but we must face and deal with, such as engine carbon deposits and carbon deposits on catalyst surfaces in chemical reactions.

先說煉焦：也叫干餾。

First, let's talk about coking: also known as dry distillation.

在一個(gè)密閉的空間，像一個(gè)大抽屜（叫搗鼓爐），把要加工的煤，通過混配放進(jìn)去（叫配煤）；然后在抽屜的兩面燒火，加熱；上部氣體排入指定的富集區(qū)內(nèi)處理。

In a closed space, like a large drawer (called a pounding furnace), the coal to be processed is mixed and put in (called coal blending); Then burn fire on both sides of the drawer to heat it up; The upper gas is discharged into the designated enrichment zone for processing.

剩下的就是焦炭，或者是精化煤；跑出去的氣體，常溫冷凝的，叫做焦油，不凝的，叫做粗煤氣。后兩部分后續(xù)的深加工，形成了煤焦化工產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈。

The rest is coke or refined coal; The gas that runs out and condenses at room temperature is called tar, while the non condensable gas is called crude gas. The subsequent deep processing of the latter two parts has formed the coal coke chemical industry chain.

煤的加熱的溫度高低與煤種以及用途有關(guān)。又分為中焦和高焦。

The heating temperature of coal is related to the type and purpose of the coal. It is divided into medium focus and high focus.

中焦溫度在500度左右，主要是對褐煤等年輕的煤種進(jìn)行初步處理，焦煤用于化工或者鍋爐用。例如，蘭炭用于電石。

The medium coke temperature is around 500 degrees Celsius, mainly used for preliminary treatment of young coal types such as lignite. Coking coal is used for chemical or boiler applications. For example, blue charcoal is used for calcium carbide.

其氣體部分氫氣組分較低，用于一般的燃?xì)廨^多。

The hydrogen component of its gas is relatively low, and it is more commonly used for general gas.

高焦溫度在950—1050℃，產(chǎn)生的焦炭主要含碳，作為重要的還原劑，用于煉鋼等冶金行業(yè)。再具體點(diǎn)，焦炭就是為煉鋼而生的。其荒煤氣（含多種化學(xué)產(chǎn)品）和焦油等副產(chǎn)品是很重要的化工產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈之一。

The high coke temperature is between 950-1050 ℃, and the resulting coke mainly contains carbon. It is used as an important reducing agent in metallurgical industries such as steelmaking. To be more specific, coke is produced for steelmaking. The raw gas (including various chemical products) and by-products such as tar are important in the chemical industry chain.

二、了解焦化發(fā)電機(jī)

2、 Understand coking generators

焦化發(fā)電機(jī)是一種將焦化工藝與發(fā)電技術(shù)相結(jié)合的創(chuàng)新能源系統(tǒng)，主要應(yīng)用于鋼鐵、焦化等重工業(yè)領(lǐng)域。該系統(tǒng)通過回收利用焦化生產(chǎn)過程中產(chǎn)生的高溫焦?fàn)t煤氣和余熱資源進(jìn)行發(fā)電，實(shí)現(xiàn)了能源的梯級利用，是工業(yè)領(lǐng)域節(jié)能減排的重要技術(shù)裝備。

Coking generator is an innovative energy system that combines coking technology with power generation technology, mainly used in heavy industries such as steel and coking. This system generates electricity by recycling and utilizing high-temperature coke oven gas and waste heat resources generated during coking production, achieving cascading energy utilization. It is an important technical equipment for energy conservation and emission reduction in the industrial field.

焦化發(fā)電機(jī)的核心在于對焦化副產(chǎn)物的能量回收。在焦化過程中產(chǎn)生的焦?fàn)t煤氣（溫度約700-800℃）首先經(jīng)過凈化處理，去除其中的焦油、硫化物等雜質(zhì)后，進(jìn)入燃?xì)廨啓C(jī)或內(nèi)燃機(jī)燃燒發(fā)電。同時(shí)，系統(tǒng)還回收利用焦?fàn)t煙道氣（300-400℃）和紅焦顯熱（1000℃以上）等余熱資源，通過余熱鍋爐產(chǎn)生蒸汽驅(qū)動(dòng)汽輪發(fā)電機(jī)組，形成燃?xì)?蒸汽聯(lián)合循環(huán)發(fā)電系統(tǒng)。

The core of coking generators lies in the energy recovery of coking by-products. The coke oven gas produced during the coking process (with a temperature of about 700-800 ℃) is first purified to remove impurities such as tar and sulfides, and then enters the gas turbine or internal combustion engine for combustion and power generation. At the same time, the system also recovers and utilizes waste heat resources such as coke oven flue gas (300-400 ℃) and red coke sensible heat (above 1000 ℃), and generates steam through a waste heat boiler to drive a steam turbine generator unit, forming a gas steam combined cycle power generation system.

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